Controlled shape memory effect in high-strength Mn and Cr–Mn steels

The magnitude of the shape memory effect can be controlled (by the γ–ɛ–γ transformation) between 0.5 and 2.4% in precipitation-hardening high-strength 20Mn–2Si–V–C steels (numbers indicate mass%) with 0.2–1.0 mass% C subjected to stabilizing (650 °C) and destabilizing (720 °C) carbide aging. The steels retain their strength and plasticity. When austenitic steels are alloyed with 14% chromium, they fall into the class of precipitation-hardening stainless steels. Their shape memory effect and strength characteristics are impaired.