Hot working behavior of 2205 austenite–ferrite duplex stainless steel characterized by constitutive equations and processing maps

The hot deformation characteristics of the 2205 duplex stainless steel were analyzed using constitutive equations and processing maps. The hot compression tests were performed at temperature range of 950–1200 °C and strain rate of 0.001–1 s−1. Flow stress was modeled by the constitutive equation of hyperbolic sine function. However, the stress exponent and strain rate sensitivity were different at low and high deformation temperatures where austenite and ferrite are dominant, respectively. It was recognized that strain at the peak point of flow curve increases with the Zener–Hollomon parameter, Z, at low temperature deformation while at high temperature deformation it actually decreases with Z. The power dissipation map, instability map and processing map were developed for the typical strain of 0.3. It was realized that dynamic restoration mechanisms could efficiently hinder the occurrence of flow instability at low and medium strain rates. Otherwise, the increase in strain rate at low and high temperatures could increase the risk of flow instability.