The role of phytochemicals in inhibition of cancer and inflammation: New directions and perspectives

Herbs have been utilized to treat acute and chronic disorders for thousands of years. The scientific basis for such utilization, however, has been poorly understood. Nonetheless, in the past few decades, significant advances in experimental methodology and molecular biology enabled researchers to investigate the potential use of phytochemicals to treat or manage a plethora of chronic diseases including various types of cancer, inflammatory diseases and cardiovascular abnormalities. This review summarizes some of the molecular mechanisms through which several phytochemicals may inhibit inflammation and cancer. In addition, the review discusses basic definitions, ethical and clinical aspects and some guidelines for the use of phytochemicals as chemopreventive or therapeutic agents.