Development of high strength and ductile ultra fine grained dual phase steel with nano sized carbide precipitates in a V–Nb microalloyed steel

Ultrafine grained dual phase steel with yield strength of 865 MPa and tensile strength of 1640 MPa with a high work hardening rate and uniform elongation of 7% was produced by cold rolling and intercritical annealing. The fine scale Nb-V based carbides contributed to improving the strength and work hardening.