Beam loading effect in bunch leakage at the PSR

In this article, the effects of longitudinal space charge and beam loading are discussed for the PSR bunch leakage, which can be an important factor in the e–p instability encountered there. It is shown that for the parameters we use for the PSR operations, the beam loading effect without compensation can result in significant beam leakage, in presence of the space charge effect. Increasing the RF voltage, or reducing the Linac beam chopping rate, can reduce the leakage.