Ultrasound-assisted extraction of capsaicinoids from Capsicum frutescens on a lab- and pilot-plant scale

The influence of operating parameters (solvent type, powder to solvent ratio and temperature) on the ultrasonically assisted extraction of capsaicinoids from dried Capsicum frutescens (fruit) was studied. From the economic perspective, the suitable condition for capsaicinoid extraction by indirect sonication in an ultrasonic bath with a working frequency of 35 kHz was at a ratio of 1 g of solid material: 5 ml of 95% (v/v) ethanol, 45 °C, where 85% of the capsaicinoids were removed from the raw material in 3 h. In an experimental pilot study in 20-l extraction tank at the fixed ultrasonic frequency of 26 kHz and 70 kHz, the recovery of capsaicinoids was 76% and 70%, respectively. It was shown that the ultrasonic extraction produced a significant reduction in extraction time at a lower operational temperature than under a conventional industrial hot maceration process.