Improvements in the Monte Carlo code for simulating 4πβ(PC)–γ coincidence system measurements

A Monte Carlo simulation code known as ESQUEMA has been developed by the Nuclear Metrology Laboratory (Laboratório de Metrologia Nuclear—LMN) in the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares—IPEN) to be used as a benchmark for radionuclide standardization. The early version of this code simulated only β−γ and ec−γ emitters with reasonably high electron and X-ray energies. To extend the code to include other radionuclides and enable the code to be applied to software coincidence counting systems, several improvements have been made and are presented in this work.