The features of high intensity beam dynamics in low energy super-conducting linear accelerator

The super-conducting linear accelerator is considered as a candidate for the high intensity beam acceleration in low energy region from 2–5 MeV and up to 50–100 MeV. The conventional room temperature linear accelerator was struck off the list of effective accelerators for this purpose, because of the high power RF and the appropriate cooling systems are needed to produce high gradient with duty factor near to 100%. The super-conducting linear accelerator has a number of advantages in comparison with room temperature accelerators. However, due to RF requirements the geometry of super-conductive cavity has to be simplified as much as possible. Also cavities belonging to one family should have identical geometry. Therefore in such accelerators the longitudinal and transverse dynamics of high intense beam are more complicated. In this paper, we consider 3D beam dynamics together with space charge effect. The latter is investigated in the system without synchronism, when focusing and defocusing factors in longitudinal and transverse planes are the time dependent functions.