Deceleration and cooling of radioactive isotope beams—from GeV to μeV

Technical developments on the deceleration and cooling of energetic radioactive isotope (RI) beams (>109 eV) to ultracold (<10−6 eV) temperatures are discussed. This technique should be a key development for next generation RI-beam facilities, where a wide variety of RI-beams with high-quality, high-intensity and a wide range of beam energy are to be provided.