Recent research on forage utilization by ruminant livestock in South Africa

An overview is given of pasture evaluation and improvement of existing germplasm in South Africa. The literature is reviewed from the perspective of upgrading the natural vegetation, reclamation of eroded soils, defining constraints, supplementation on cultivated pasture and improvement of low quality forages. Intake studies have also been emphasized because of the profound influence of intake on grazing capacity and as a distinguishing factor when screening cultivars and new introductions. Although temperate species which can be cultivated in the higher rainfall areas or under irrigation are discussed, the review largely concentrates on subtropical grasses and legumes that are drought tolerant and adapted to relatively poor soils.