Effects of Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria with or without β 1–4 galacto-oligosaccharides on ruminal fermentation, methane production and nitrogen utilization in sheep

Effects of Quillaja saponaria extract (QSE) and Yucca schidigera extract (YSE) with or without β 1–4 galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) on ruminal fermentation, methane production and N utilization in wether sheep were evaluated. Four wethers fitted with permanent ruminal fistulae were assigned in a 4 × 6 Youden square design experiment and fed a basal diet comprised of concentrate and Italian ryegrass hay (2:3, on a DM basis) at 55 g/kg metabolic body weight. Treatments were: (1) control (no addition of supplement); (2) 14 ml of QSE; (3) 14 ml of YSE; (4) 20 g of GOS; (5) 14 ml QSE + 20 g GOS; (6) 14 ml YSE + 20 GOS per day. Digestibility of NDFom increased (P<0.05) in sheep treated with QSE, QSE + GOS, and YSE + GOS, but was not affected by YSE or GOS. Ruminal fluid pH increased (P<0.05) in sheep administered with YSE compared with other treatments. Ammonia N and total VFA concentrations declined (P<0.001) with administration of QSE and YSE compared with the control. Propionate and acetate molar proportions were not affected, while butyrate molar proportion declined (P<0.001) with QSE alone or in combination with GOS. Digestible energy increased (P<0.05) with all treatments, except YSE. Results suggest that administration of QSE and YSE reduced ruminal ammonia N and total VFA concentration, and numerically decreased methane emissions, without having adverse effects on fiber digestion. In addition, administration of YSE, with or without GOS, numerically reduced protozoal numbers. QSE, YSE and YSE + GOS may have potential as beneficial manipulators of ruminal fermentation.