Petrophysical data for integrated flow modeling

Sequential application of three-dimensional seismic surveys has led to the concept of time-lapse seismic monitoring. Changes in reservoir geophysical attributes between surveys can be used to evaluate fluid types, phases, flow, and pressures as a function of time. These changes can be predicted and interpreted by integrating a petrophysical model with a fluid flow simulator. One of the difficulties associated with the incorporation of a petrophysical model into a flow simulator is the need for additional data and constraints. Sources of petrophysical information that can be used in an integrated flow model are presented.