Applications of clay minerals in sensor techniques

The general topic of applying clay minerals to chemical sensors is discussed using two different approaches. (1) The modular components of sensor systems are introduced. The use of prior specific interactions between clay minerals and, respectively, gas and liquids, for a sensor response are discussed. (2) A few selected sensor principles are chosen to illustrate opportunities in the development of clay minerals. In particular, the well-known concepts for electrochemical sensors are based on the generation of voltages and currents using solid or liquid electrolytes and the changes of conductivity or capacity of mostly oxide materials.