Wake vortex encounter severity for rotorcraft in final approach

The Advisory Council for Aeronautics Research in Europe (ACARE) predicts that European air traffic may nearly triple by 2020. The growth in air traffic is already an increasing problem with capacity at some airports becoming limited due to congestion. This could be alleviated by providing additional passenger capacity at hubs through the introduction of rotorcraft using new IFR procedures and operating simultaneously but independently of the fixed-wing traffic. These Simultaneous Non-Interfering Operations (SNIOps) will be enabled by a ‘reconfiguration’ of the airspace, taking advantage of new navigational and air traffic management systems. SNIOpʹs raise critical safety questions for rotorcraft wake vortex encounters (WVEʹs) and will require consideration of the longitudinal and lateral aircraft separation and the locations of the rotorcraft FATOʹs (Final Approach and Take-Off areas). This paper presents analysis from work carried out as part of the Framework 6 project ‘OPTIMAL’ including the development of predictive methodology and analysis for rotorcraft WVEʹs, using a severity rating scale. In particular, scenarios are considered where the rotorcraft is following precision glideslopes of up to 12° in both good and degraded visual conditions. Handling qualities criteria have already been found to be well suited to investigating severity of an encounter. Within this framework, draft boundaries are proposed for assessing the severity of an encounter. Furthermore, the results have shown a pilot may be able to recover from an encounter, but the question of whether the required navigational precision would be compromised and a go-around required is also addressed.