Association of size-resolved airborne particles with foot traffic inside a carpeted hallway

The effect of foot traffic on indoor particle resuspension was evaluated by associating non-prescribed foot traffic with simultaneous size-resolved airborne particulate matter (PM) concentrations in a northern California hospital. Foot traffic and PM were measured every 15 min in a carpeted hallway over two 27-h periods. The PM concentration in the hallway was modeled based on the foot traffic intensity, including the previous PM concentration via an autocorrelation regression method based on the well-mixed box model. All 5 size ranges of PM, ranging from 0.75–1 μm to 5–7.5 μm, were highly correlated with foot traffic measurements for both monitoring periods (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.87–0.90). However, correlations during daytime hours were less significant than nighttime. Coefficients found via this autoregressive analysis can be interpreted to reveal (i) time-independent contributions of walking activities on PM levels for a specific location; and (ii) size-specific characteristics of the resuspended PM.