Development of driving cycles for motorcycles and light-duty vehicles in Vietnam

The Centre for Environmental Monitoring of the Vietnam Environment Administration in Hanoi launched a 2-year emissions monitoring program which aimed at determining the emission factors and emission inventories for two typical types of vehicle in Hanoi. To achieve these objectives, developing driving cycles representative of the local driving conditions are of essential tasks before any emission testing can be conducted. Therefore, this paper presents the results of the development of two driving cycles for a motorcycle and a light-duty vehicle (LDV) in Hanoi. On-road speed–time data were collected by two test vehicles along 10 routes in the urban areas of Hanoi. The collected data were analysed to characterise the typical driving patterns and characteristics. A unique driving cycle was therefore developed for each of the two types of vehicle for Hanoi (i.e. CEMDC and CECDC). The cycles were developed by a random selection process to match the overall summary statistics. The CEMDC and CECDC cycles are the first set of driving cycles developed for Hanoi which can be applied to the next stage of the program for emission testing to determine the emission factors for Hanoi as well as for government’s emission control testing.