Title of article
Particulate matter (PM10) in Istanbul: Origin, source areas and potential impact on surrounding regions
Author/Authors
Koçak، نويسنده , , M. and Theodosi، نويسنده , , C. and Zarmpas، نويسنده , , P. and Im، نويسنده , , U. and Bougiatioti، نويسنده , , A. and Yenigun، نويسنده , , O. and Mihalopoulos، نويسنده , , N.، نويسنده ,
Issue Information
روزنامه با شماره پیاپی سال 2011
Pages
10
From page
6891
To page
6900
Abstract
Water-soluble ions (Cl−, NO 3 − , SO 4 2 − , C 2 O 4 − , Na+, NH 4 + , K+, Mg2+,Ca2+), water soluble organic carbon (WSOC), organic and elemental carbon (OC, EC) and trace metals (Al, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) were measured in aerosol PM10 samples above the megacity of Istanbul between November 2007 and June 2009. Source apportionment analysis using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) indicates that approximately 80% of the PM10 is anthropogenic in origin (secondary, refuse incineration, fuel oil and solid fuel combustion and traffic). Crustal and sea salt account for 10.2 and 7.5% of the observed mass, respectively. In general, anthropogenic (except secondary) aerosol shows higher concentrations and contributions in winter. Mean concentration and contribution of crustal source is found to be more important during the transitional period due to mineral dust transport from North Africa. During the sampling period, 42 events exceeding the limit value of 50 μg m−3 are identified. A significant percentage (91%; n = 38) of these exceedances is attributed to anthropogenic sources. Potential Source Contribution Function analysis highlights that Istanbul is affected from distant sources from Balkans and Western Europe during winter and from Eastern Europe during summer. On the other hand, Istanbul sources influence western Black Sea and Eastern Europe during winter and Aegean and Levantine Sea during summer.
Keywords
source apportionment , Potential source contribution function , PM10 , Istanbul
Journal title
Atmospheric Environment
Serial Year
2011
Journal title
Atmospheric Environment
Record number
2238375
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