Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in size-differentiated re-suspended dust on building surfaces in an oilfield city, China

Thirty re-suspended dust samples were collected from building surfaces in an oilfield city, re-suspended and sampled through PM2.5, PM10 and PM100 inlets and analyzed for 18 PAHs by GC–MS technique. PAHs concentrations, toxicity and profiles characteristic for different districts and size were studied. PAHs sources were identified by diagnostic ratios and primary component analysis. Results showed that the total amounts of analyzed PAHs in re-suspended dust in Dongying were 45.29, 23.79 and 11.41 μg g−1 for PM2.5, PM10 and PM100, respectively. PAHs tended to concentrate in finer particles with mass ratios of PM2.5/PM10 and PM10/PM100 as 1.96 ± 0.86 and 2.53 ± 1.57. The old district with more human activities and long oil exploitation history exhibited higher concentrations of PAHs from both combustion and non-combustion sources. BaP-based toxic equivalent factor and BaP-based equivalent carcinogenic power exhibited decreasing sequence as PM2.5 > PM10 > PM100 suggesting that the finer the particles, the more toxic of the dust. NaP, Phe, Flu, Pyr, BbF and BghiP were the abundant species. Coefficient of divergence analysis implied that PAHs in different districts and size fractions had common sources. Coal combustion, industrial sources, vehicle emission and petroleum were probably the main contributions according to the principal component analysis result.