Fuzzy evaluation of tyre–surface interaction parameters

The paper discusses the problems in identifying parameters characterizing the interaction of a tyre with different ground surfaces. Corresponding methods of tyre–surface contact monitoring are proposed on the basis of the fuzzy sets theory. Cases of a wheel rolling on both a road and on deformable ground are considered with particular emphasis on the identification of the friction and rolling resistance parameters in relation to environmental properties and tyre loading modes. The theory developed is illustrated by examples of cascade fuzzy observers using the off-board and on-board information space. To verify the proposed theoretical propositions, the work also contains the corresponding results of the hardware- and software-in-the-loop simulation. These fuzzy computing procedures can be used in various control systems of cars, off-road vehicles, and agricultural machines as well as in applications of Intelligent Transportation Systems. This paper is an extended version of the work “Identification and Prediction of Tyre–Surface Interaction Parameters” presented at the 16th ISTVS Conference.