Volcanic cycles and setting in the Neoproterozoic III to Ordovician Camaquم Basin succession in southern Brazil: characteristics of post-collisional magmatism

The Camaquم Basin comprises a volcano-sedimentary succession, located in southernmost Brazil, and represents a molasse basin formed at the post-collisional stage of the Brasiliano/Pan-African orogenic cycle in the Neoproterozoic III to Ordovician period. This basin is one of the most well-preserved ancient volcano-sedimentary sequences undeformed and unmetamorphic in the world, dominantly developed on a continental setting under subaerial conditions. It is composed of five major stratigraphic units, four of them with a distinct volcanic character from the bottom to the top, as: (1) Maricل; (2) Bom Jardim; (3) Acampamento Velho; (4) Santa Bلrbara; and (5) Guaritas Allogroups. A concise sight of geochemical and isotopic rock data is presented, as well as stratigraphic correlation and description of rock structures and textures that lead to the identification of their genetic processes, the aim of this paper, indicating a relation with a coeval plutonism, and volcanism that evolved from high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic and ended with a silica-saturated sodic alkaline magmatism, with a crustal component represented by peraluminous granites. Volcanic deposits from bottom to top are made mostly of volcanogenic sedimentary deposits, succeeded by basic to intermediate lava and pyroclastic flows of shoshonitic affinity, followed by intermediate and acid lava flows and ignimbrites of sodic alkaline affinity. The last volcanic event is represented by basalt pahoehoe flows, probably of mildly alkaline sodic affinity.