Rainfall distribution over the Fouta Djallon — Guinea

The main goal of the present paper is to discuss the asymmetry of the rainfall distribution over the mountain range of the Fouta Djallon — Guinea — in relation with orography and local atmospheric circulation. The Fouta Djallon is the main West African hydrographic source area. The two principal rivers (Niger and Senegal) take birth in this region where, in addition, one of the highest cumulative rain heights in the world (> 10 m) is observed. The data used are images of the Meteosat satellite, reanalyses of NCEP/NCAR (National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) and ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts), and observations from ground-based raingauge networks. Over the Fouta Djallon, the convective activity is found to increase in frequency and intensity due to the orographic forcing of water vapor in an area of convergence between monsoon and Harmattan fluxes; heavy rain is released over the southwest side of the range. A conceptual model is proposed suggesting that convective systems developing over or east of the range are advected westward of the generating area, resulting in a strong pluviometric contrast and a maximum offshore.