Subband decomposition and reconstruction of continuous volcanic tremor

A new method of analyzing volcanic tremor is presented, which uses properties of undecimated wavelet packet transforms to filter, decompose, and recover signals from continuous multichannel data. The method preserves many standard properties that are used to characterize tremor, such as wavefield polarization and seismic energy. In this way, we can better understand the (potentially many) seismic sources that combine to form continuous volcanic tremor, and we can specifically address the problem of what causes changing tremor spectral content. Tests on synthetic data suggest that SDR can recover multiple quasi-continuous signals that differ from one another by an order of magnitude, even in noisy environments. Tests on real data recorded at Erta ʹAle in 2002 suggest that SDR can recover signals with geophysically meaningful interpretations, and corroborates existing seismic and multiparametric work by Harris et al. (2005), Jones et al. (2006), and Harris (2008). We suggest that this algorithm could effectively detect subtle changes in the time-frequency content of volcanic tremor, and recover signals from real seismic sources that appear buried in background noise (and/or partly masked by one another). Such an algorithm could allow volcanologists much greater insight into the dynamics of volcanic systems, and could detect subtle signals that might help address the possibility of unrest.