Insights from fluid inclusions, thermal and PVT modeling for paleo-burial and thermal reconstruction of the Cَrdoba petroleum system (NE Mexico)

Carbonate reservoirs in the Córdoba petroleum system (NE Mexico) passed through a multiphase deformation history complicating the petroleum geology. The area evolved from passive margin and foreland setting to Laramide fold and thrust belt (FTB) that was subsequently buried below the Tertiary–Quaternary Veracruz Basin, which in turn underwent transpressional deformation. Reconstruction of paleo-burial (erosion) and paleo-thermicity through the different zones of the FTB and adjacent foreland is a challenging task since classical calibration tools fail to discriminate between several kinematic and thermal models. In this study results from detailed diagenetic and fluid inclusion (FI) analyses on carbonates from the western part of the Córdoba Platform helped constraining paleo-thermicity. Combined microthermometry, synchrotron FTIR analyses and PVT modeling of cogenetic hydrocarbon-aqueous FI allowed also calculation of absolute pressures. Thermal modeling exercises calibrated with organic maturity parameters, bottom-hole temperatures or temperatures from FI demonstrate that without controlling also paleo-erosion the model results may be misleading.