Distribution of subsurface fluid-flow systems in the SW Barents Sea

The SW Barents Sea is a large hydrocarbon-prone epi-continental Sea of the Norwegian Arctic region. A significant portion of the hydrocarbon gases generated in deep source rocks has leaked or migrated into the shallow subsurface and is now trapped in gas hydrate and shallow gas reservoirs. The evolution of sedimentary basins of this region has controlled the leakage of these fluids through marine sediments. Understanding the distribution of various fluid-flow systems may enhance our knowledge of the evolution of different basins in the SW Barents Sea and could help find potential targets for future hydrocarbon exploration. We analyze approximately 3000 2D multi-channel seismic profiles and data from 60 wells covering the entire SW Barents Sea, to identify and classify fluid-flow features, and study their relationship to tectonic elements and geological history. Gas chimneys are the most abundant feature among various other fluid-flow features such as fluid leakage along faults and fractures, seepage pipes, and high amplitude anomalies potentially indicating trapped fluids. Large fluid-flow features, covering areas as large as 600 km2, occur close to known hydrocarbon fields such as Snّhvit, Skrugard, and Havis. The fluid-flow features occur above major deep-seated faults in the area suggesting a close relation to it. The number of fluid-flow features in the western part of the study area is significantly higher than in the eastern part. The amount of net erosion in the study area shows no direct control over the distribution of fluid-flow features, suggesting that the faults and distribution of mature source rocks control the fluid flow. The strong correlation between the locations of fluid-flow features and structural elements indicates that extensional tectonics, uplift and glaciations could have played major roles in the timing and activity of the fluid leakage, although erosion might have had an added effect.