Recent and Late Quaternary pteropod preservation on the Pakistan shelf and continental slope

Fifteen surface sediment samples from the Pakistan shelf and upper continental slope and a Late Quaternary high-sedimentation rate core (573 m water depth, Pakistan continental margin) have been analysed to improve the understanding of the factors influencing pteropod preservation. The aragonite compensation depth (ACD) is located at 250–400 m water depth, which corroborates previous observations of a very shallow ACD in the northern Arabian Sea. With the exception of the Hab transect off Karachi, the ACD coincides with the upper boundary of the OMZ located at 250 m water depth. The shell preservation index of the pteropod Limacina inflata (LDX) was applied on six surface sediment samples showing good to very good preservation (LDX: 2.2 to 1.3). 000 yr long record of sediment core SO90 137KA is characterized by alternations between bioturbated and laminated sediments. Bioturbated sediments occurring in the Early Holocene, Younger Dryas and time-equivalents of Heinrich events contain well to perfectly preserved tests of L. inflata (LDX: 2.1–0.2), whereas only traces of pteropods are found in laminated intervals. ose linkage of pteropod preservation in the surface sediments and in core 137KA to well-oxygenated conditions can be explained by repetitive intermediate water formation in the Arabian Sea down to at least 600 m water depth in times of enhanced NE monsoons during stadials and H-equivalents. Low amounts of pteropods in laminated sediments (interstadials, Late Holocene) and in the present-day oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) indicate a weak NE monsoon, stable OMZ and shallow ACD.