Of ocean waves and sea-ice revisited

The review of Squire et al. [Squire, V.A., Dugan, J.P., Wadhams, P., Rottier, P.J., Liu, A.K., 1995. Of ocean waves and sea-ice. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 27, 115–168.] is updated to take account of the astonishing surge of activity that has occurred over the last decade or so on topics in the general area of ocean wave/sea-ice interactions, especially in relation to mathematical modelling. Models have become much more sophisticated with the most recent ones allowing the sea-ice to be heterogeneous and the ocean to have variable depth. Pressure ridges, cracks, open and refrozen leads, and gradual or abrupt changes of material property can all be accommodated, and inhomogeneous marginal ice zones can also be effectively modelled. In this paper the author distinguishes between two major sea-ice types: continuous ice, such as is normally found in the central Arctic, and the ice of marginal neighbourhoods, i.e. near the open sea, where individual ice floes and cakes are present at typically lower levels of concentration. The partition is convenient but artificial, of course, as many of the methods employed apply to any kind of sea-ice. A discussion on laboratory and field experiments conducted during the period is also included.