Powering sea-ice instrumentation via the Seebeck Effect

This paper details the design of a novel thermoelectric energy harvesting device, capable of powering sea-ice instrumentation during the polar winter, when other sources of energy are either unavailable or unreliable. The current device employs no moving parts and exploits the Seebeck Effect and the temperature differential across the sea–ice interface to convert a flow of heat into electrical energy. Fundamental limitations are discussed and thermodynamic modelling is employed to ensure a reasonable device output. Test results from a prototype reveal typical voltage and power outputs in the region of 3 V and 200 mW, respectively, given an applied temperature differential of 30 °C.