Solid–liquid transitions in homogenous ovalene, hexabenzocoronene and circumcoronene clusters: A molecular dynamics study

The melting behaviour of ovalene (C32H14), hexabenzocoronene (C42H18) and circumcoronene (C54H18) clusters is analysed using molecular dynamics simulations. The evolution of the intermolecular energy and the Lindemann Index is used to determine the cluster melting points. The bulk melting point of each material is estimated by linear extrapolation of the cluster simulation data. The value obtained for ovalene is in good agreement with the phase-transition temperature determined by experiment. We find that the bulk melting point of peri-condensed PAHs is linearly related to their size. The extrapolated hexabenzocoronene and circumcoronene bulk melting points agree with this linear relationship very well. A phase diagram is constructed which classifies the phase of a cluster into three regions: a liquid region, a size-dependent region and a solid region according to the size of the PAHs which build up the cluster. The size-dependent region highlights the range where the phase of a cluster also depends on the cluster size. Due to the similar size and density, a cluster with 50 molecules is considered an analogue for nascent soot particles whilst the bulk system of PAH molecules is seen as an approximation to mature soot particles. A detailed investigation of the phase diagram reveals that the critical size for nascent and mature soot particles in the solid state is C78H22 and C54H18 at 1500 K respectively.