Author/Authors :
Roohafza، Hamidreza نويسنده Rehabilitation Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran , , Shahnam، Maryam نويسنده Research Assistant, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. , , Zolfaghari، Behzad نويسنده , , Tavassoli، Aliakbar نويسنده MD, Associate Professor of Cardiology, Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. , , Sadeghi، Masoumeh نويسنده , , Toloei، Hamidreza نويسنده MD, Associate Professor of Cardiology, Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran , , Sadri، Gholamhosein نويسنده MD, Pharmacist, Preventive Medicine Department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran , , Sarrafzadegan، Nizal نويسنده MD, Professor of Cardiology, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, IUMS, Isfahan ,
Abstract :
BACKGROUND: Individuals are faced with numerous stressful life events which can negatively
influence mental health. Many individuals use smoking as a means of confronting stress. Given
the relatively high prevalence of smoking in central Iran, the present study was conducted to
compare stress levels in smokers, non-smokers and those who had quit smoking.
METHODS: This study was conducted as part of Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Program on
9752 individuals in the cities of Isfahan, Arak, and Najafabad in 2008. Sampling was performed
using multi-stage cluster randomization method. Data on age, sex, demographic characteristics,
and smoking status was collected through interviews. Stress level detected by General Health
questionnaire.Logistic regression and chi- squere test was used for data analyzing.
RESULTS: In the present study, 30% of non-smokers, 32.1% ex- smoker and 36.9% of smokers
had GHQ of 4 and higher (P = 0.01). In regression analysis, the final model which was
controlled for age, sex, socioeconomic statues (including place of residence, marital status and
education level) showed that the odds ratio of stress in smokers and ex- smoker was
significantly higher than in non-smokers (OR = 1.66 and OR = 1.12, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Since in conducted studies, mental problems and stresses have had an
important role in people’s smoking, it seems suitable to use the results of this study to present
intervention for correct methods of coping with stress towards reducing the prevalence of
smoking in the community.
