Stability of phase A in antigorite (serpentine) composition determined by in situ X-ray pressure observations

Here, we precisely determined the low-pressure stability limit of phase A in the Mg-end-member antigorite bulk composition defined as the reaction forsterite + water = phase A + enstatite (“water-line” or “water-storage line”) in a multi-anvil apparatus. Pressures were determined by in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements using NaCl as an internal pressure standard. Results demonstrate that the water-line is located at 800 °C and 8.5 GPa and at 550 °C and 5.1 GPa with a Clapeyron slope of 13.6 MPa/°C. We also examined the conditions for the formation of phase A by the decomposition of antigorite on the basis of the phase relations in the systems MgO–SiO2–H2O (MSH) and MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O (MASH). A descending slab peridotite retains water in phase A beyond the stability of antigorite only when temperature in the slab is lower than 550 or 660 °C at 5.1 GPa (corresponding to 160 km depth), in the system MSH or MASH, respectively. The double seismic planes observed within the slabs may be caused by the dehydration reaction of antigorite or chlorite. Their merging depths, which could represent the high-pressure stability limit of antigorite or chlorite, are 160 km or deeper beneath northeast Japan, Aleutian, Kamchatka and Kuril. Water included in hydrous slab peridotite is transported into the transition zone and deeper mantle in these areas but recycled to the surface in other subduction zones.