Ab initio lattice dynamics calculations on the combined effect of temperature and silicon on the stability of different iron phases in the Earthʹs inner core

The Earthʹs solid inner core consists mainly of iron (Fe), alloyed with lighter elements, such as silicon (Si). Interpretation of seismic anisotropy and layering requires knowledge of the stable crystal structure in the inner core. We report ab initio density functional theory calculations on the free energy and vibrational stability of pure iron and Fe–Si alloys at conditions representative of the Earthʹs inner core. For pure Fe the stable phase is already known to be hexagonal close-packed (hcp). However, with the addition of ∼7 wt.% Si at high temperatures, we observe a transition to the face-centred cubic (fcc) phase. We also produce a phase diagram for the Fe–Si system and show that the inner core may exist in the two-phase region, with coexisting fcc and hcp. This may also explain the low S-velocities observed in the inner core.