Nanostructures for magnetically triggered release of drugs and biomolecules

Specific targeting and controlled release are crucial factors in the administration of drugs and therapeutic biomolecules. It has been shown that drug delivery systems can significantly benefit of the introduction of superparamagnetic nanoparticles in terms of both targeting and controlled release. Magnetic gradients can be used to target therapeutics to specific regions, while alternating magnetic fields produce frequency-dependent effects at the nanoparticle level. This review reports on the latest developments of multifunctional systems based on magnetic nanoparticles where the release of drugs and/or biomolecules is triggered by the application of an external magnetic field. The potentials of these systems are presented through examples in the fields of surface functionalized magnetic nanoparticles, magnetic polymer nanocomposites and magnetoliposomes. Recent results suggest the importance of integrating multiple functions within a single nanostructured device in order to successfully transport, localize and release drugs and biomolecules.