Author/Authors :
-، - نويسنده Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-336 Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. Faramarzi, Sh. , -، - نويسنده Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-336 Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. Yadollahi, A. , -، - نويسنده Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. Barzegar, M. , -، - نويسنده Shahid Rajaei School of Agriculture, Damavand, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. Sadraei, K. , -، - نويسنده Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Italy. Pacifico, S. , -، - نويسنده Department of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Sveto?imunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia. Jemric, T.
Abstract :
To determine the phenolic content and antioxidant activity in some native Iranian apple cultivars, some five cultivars namely: ʹBekranʹ, ʹGolab-e Kermanshahʹ, ʹGolab-e Kohanzʹ ʹGolab-e Sheikhiʹ and ʹAtlasiʹ were selected and compared with the standard cultivar ʹGalaʹ. The profiles related to four phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, quercetin-3-galactoside, catechin, and phloridzin) were determined through HPLC for flesh and flesh+peel of the studied cultivars. Total Phenolic Content (TPC) through Folin-ciocalteu, and antioxidant activity applying DPPH radical (IC50) were also evaluated for flesh vs. flesh+peel for each cultivar. The results of HPLC analysis revealed that catechin constituted the main phenolic compound of flesh and as well the flesh+peel in all the studied cultivars. The highest catechin concentrations in flesh+peel and in flesh were detected in ʹGolab-e Kermanshahʹ (4,064.37 ug g-1 FW) and ʹBekranʹ (2,315.92 ug g-1 FW), recpectively. The second high concentration phenolic compound was quercetin-3 galactoside, with ʹAtlasiʹ containing the highest content (833.96 ug g-1 FW). A high level of chlorogenic acid was detected in ʹGolab-e Sheikhiʹ (276.106 ug. g-1 FW). The highest level of Total Phenolic Index (TPI) was observed in ʹGolab-e Kermanshahʹ (4392.81ug g-1 FW). The highest TPCs were detected in ʹGolab-e Kermanshahʹ and ʹAtlasiʹ. Phenolic compounds were found as less abundant in the flesh than in the flesh+peel. The scavenging activity of DPPH radical (IC50) revealed a higher antioxidant effect in flesh+peel than in (only) flesh. It can be concluded that in comparison with ʹGalaʹ, native Iranian cultivars contained higher concentrations of phenolic compounds, making them appropriate for use in breeding and being reintroduced into the production cycle. Also, it was revealed that whole fruit (flesh+peel) provides phytochemicals in levels far greater than the amounts provided by the fruit’s (only) flesh.
