Guidelines for the pressure and efficient sizing of pressure vessels for compressed air energy storage

The paper reports guidelines for the efficient design and sizing of Small-Scale Compressed Air Energy Storage (SS-CAES) pressure vessels, including guidelines for pressures that should be used in the SS-CAES system to minimize the cost of the pressure vessel. Under a specified energy storage capacity and specified maximum and minimum operating pressures in CAES, the volume of the vessel(s) can be evaluated. The present study provides guidelines for choosing appropriate shape and size for the vessels that minimize material and manufacturing cost for cylindrical vessels. The two main contributions of the paper are that it provides a methodology to determine: (a) an optimum pressure; (b) the shape, size, and number of vessel to be used in a particular application. Results suggest that pressure vessels with a length to diameter ratio of roughly three are the most economical, and that a system should be designed for a pressure of roughly three times the minimum pressure of the expansion device.