Fracture toughness of grade D ship steel

Results from fracture mechanics tests on 15 mm thick grade D ship steel and weld are organised into a toughness distribution indexed to the Charpy 27 joule temperature, T27J. The tests are carried out at 300 MPa√m/s to simulate the strain rate appropriate to a long (≈1 m) through thickness crack in the deck of a ship under storm conditions. Most of the data are in the brittle to ductile transition region and end in cleavage fracture. A best fit to the data is found using the exponential curve fit (ECF) method. Lack of censoring of invalid results means that the trend line is not a true ‘plane strain’ fit. It is argued that inclusion of ‘plane stress’ data makes the resultant toughness distribution more relevant to ship fracture predictions. Equations are presented which allow the toughness to be plotted at any chosen probability level as a function of temperature relative to T27J. A safe lower bound to the data is given by the 0.1% probability trend assuming that T27J for grade D plate and weld is no higher than −20 °C. The data are also used to propose that it is impossible to generate an elastic ductile tearing instability in ship steel with Charpy upper shelf values of 100 J or more.