Author/Authors :
Khowaja، Yasmin نويسنده School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan , , Karmaliani، Rozina نويسنده School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan , , Hirani، Shela نويسنده School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan , , Khowaja، Asif Raza نويسنده Women and Child Health Division, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan , , Rafique، Ghazala نويسنده Community Health Sciences Department, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan , , McFarlane، Judith نويسنده Health promotion and disease prevention, Texas Woman’s University, Houston, TX, USA ,
Abstract :
Background
Recently, parenting programs to address behavioural and emotional problems associated with child maltreatment in developing countries have received much attention. There is a paucity of literature on effective parent education interventions in the local context of Pakistan. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of offering a 6-week parenting program for mothers of pre-school children attending family health centres (FHCs) in Karachi, the largest metropolitan city of Pakistan.
Methods
A pilot quasi-experimental trial was conducted. Two FHCs were selected, one as the intervention and the second as the control. A total of 57 mothers of pre-school children (n = 30 intervention; n = 27 control) participated in this study. Mothers in the intervention group received SOS Help for parents module, while mothers in the control group received information about routine childcare. A parenting scale (PS) was administered before the program was implemented and repeated 2 weeks after the program was completed in both groups. Statistical analysis was performed to compare participants’ attributes. Descriptive analysis was conducted to compare pre- and post-test mean scores along with standard deviation for parenting subscales in the intervention and control groups.
Results
A total of 50 mothers (n = 25 intervention; n = 25 control) completed the 6-week program. Attrition was observed as 5/30 (17%) in the intervention arm and 2/27 (2%) in the control arm. Mothers commonly reported the burden of daily domestic and social responsibilities as the main reason for dropping out. Furthermore, the majority of participants in the control group recommended increasing the duration of weekly sessions from 1 to 1.5 hours, thereby decreasing the program period from 6 to 4 weeks. Mothers in intervention group reported substantial improvement in parenting skills as indicated by mean difference in their pre- and post-test scores for laxness and over-reactivity.
Conclusion
Parenting programs can be implemented for mothers attending FHCs in Pakistan. Mothers require positive reinforcement and constant encouragement at the participant level. Integrating such programs into primary healthcare at the population level has the potential to maximize child health benefits and to improve parenting skills at the country level.
