Heated Permeable Stretching Surface in a Porous Medium Using Nanofluids

In this article, two-dimensional laminar-forced convection nanofluids flow over a stretching surface in a porous medium has been studied. The governing partial differential equations with the corresponding boundary conditions are reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations with the appropriate boundary conditions using similarity transformation, which is then solved numerically by the fourth order Runge–Kutta integration scheme featuring a shooting technique. Different models of nanofluid based on different formulas for thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity are used. Different types of nanoparticles as copper, silver, alumina and titanium Oxide with water and Ethylene glycol as their base fluids has been considered. The influence of significant parameters such as nanoparticle volume fraction, kind of nanofluid, Magnetic parameter and Reynolds number on the flow and heat transfer characteristics is discussed. The influence of significant parameters such as Thermal conductivity parameter, volume fraction of the nanoparticles, Permeability parameter, suction/injection parameter and Velocity ratio parameter on the flow and heat transfer characteristics is discussed. It was found that choosing Titanium oxide as the nanoparticle and Ethylene glycol as base fluid proved to have the highest cooling performance for this problem.