A Holocene sedimentary record of tectonically influenced reduced channel mobility, Skokomish River delta, Washington State, USA

At the Skokomish River delta in Washington Stateʹs Puget Lowland, coseismic uplift and tilting trapped the river against a valley wall, resulting in little to no channel migration for the last 1000 years. The most recent earthquake occurred before AD 780–990, based on stratigraphic evidence such as sand blows and abrupt facies changes. Since the hypothesized tilting a 5-km-long section of the river has not migrated laterally or avulsed, resulting in reduced migration and a muddy intertidal flat that is 2 km wider in the east than on the west side of Annas Bay. A ridge running perpendicular to the river may also have restricted channel mobility. The ridge may be either the surface expression of a blind thrust fault or a relict, uplifted and tilted shoreline. The uplift and tilting of the delta can be ascribed to any of three nearby active fault zones, of which the most likely, based on the orientation of deformation, is the Saddle Mountain fault zone, which produced a surface rupture 1000–1300 years ago. The delta has experienced submergence since the earthquake. A forest that colonized an uplifted part of the delta about 800–1200 years ago was later submerged by at least 1.6 m and is now a brackish-water marsh.