A spatially lumped model to investigate downstream sediment flux propagation within a fluvial catchment

A spatially lumped process–response model, PaCMod, is presented, which calculates long time series (103–106 years) of fluvial water discharge and sediment load at the river catchment outlet, based on climatic data, drainage basin characteristics and user-defined parameters. Key aspects of the model are (i) the lumped approach, allowing for fast simulations and preserving the same resolution from palaeoclimatic conditions and geomorphological reconstructions; (ii) the parameterization of sediment routing and storage within the catchment. PaCMod was successfully tested on observed data from three present-day fluvial systems: the Meuse, the Waipaoa, and the Po Rivers. Moreover, the simulated sediment flux for the Meuse and for the Waipaoa Rivers in the late Quaternary is in agreement with published field and modelling work. PaCMod experiments show how the downstream propagation of the original climatic signal is hampered by sediment routing and storage within the catchment.