Contrasting modes of eclogite and blueschist exhumation in a retreating subduction system: The Tasmanides, Australia

Blueschists and eclogites located in the Tasmanides of eastern Australia preserve evidence of contrasting modes of exhumation. A review of structural, metamorphic, geochronological and geochemical data indicates that these HP metamorphic rocks can be sub-divided into three main groups: (i) eclogite–blueschists with calc-alkaline and tholeiitic affinities contained within thick sedimentary sequences (called continental HP rocks); (ii) moderate-pressure (< 9 kbar) blueschist of arc to MORB-type composition within sedimentary or serpentinite mélange zones (called accretionary HP rocks) and (iii) eclogites of MORB-type composition with or without a pervasive blueschist overprint contained within serpentinite (called exotic HP rocks). Three different modes of exhumation can be ascribed to the different rock types, namely: (i) exhumation influenced by the buoyancy of continental slabs; (ii) exhumation of accretionary HP rocks by corner flow and/or extensional collapse in the accretionary wedge or (iii) discontinuous exhumation of eclogites triggered by slab rollback and trench retreat. We suggest that a dominant west-dipping, eastward migrating subduction zone can explain the distribution and formation of HP metamorphic rocks in the Tasmanides. barometric and geochronological data from eclogites and blueschists in the Peel–Manning Fault System (New England Orogen) also provide evidence for discontinuous exhumation of subducted oceanic rocks. These data indicate that eclogites were exhumed from depths of ~ 70 km to ~ 30 km during the Ordovician (490–470 Ma), with terminal exhumation and exposure along the Peel–Manning Fault system probably occurring during the Permian. Based on these timing constraints, we suggest a model where HP rocks reside between depth-dependant exhumation circuits for considerable lengths of time.