Lochkovian (earliest Devonian) transgressions and regressions along the “Tethyan” margin of Gondwana: A review of lithostratigraphical data

Global sea-level rise and consequent regional transgressions are hypothesized at the beginning of the Devonian. A brief review of lithostratigraphical data available from three regions of the “Tethyan” margin of Gondwana, namely Northern Africa, Arabia, and the Tethys Himalaya, suggests that all of them were characterized by a regressive setting in the Lochkovian. In contrast, data from some terranes of the Greater Galatian Superterrane provide evidence of early Lochkovian transgression. The regressive setting documented on the ʹTethyanʹ margin of Gondwana differs from the transgressive–regressive cycles of Euramerica and the norm of global sea-level rise followed by a highstand. Only regional tectonic processes including those linked with dynamic topography could explain these differences. These processes may have been associated with syn-rift uplift preceding the opening of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean, mantle uplift at the supercontinent margin, or the Eo-Variscan orogenic phase.