Nature of the iogenic plasma source in Jupiterʹs magnetosphere: I. Circumplanetary distribution

Three-dimensional calculations are presented for the circumplanetary nature of the iogenic plasma source (pickup ions produced by electron and charge exchange processes in the plasma torus) created by O and S gases located above Ioʹs exobase in its corona and escaping extended neutral clouds (designated as the “Outer Region”). These calculations are undertaken using neutral cloud models for O and S with realistic incomplete collisional cascade source velocity distributions and rates at Ioʹs exobase and realistic spacetime loss processes in the plasma torus. The resulting spatial distributions for O and S about Jupiter are highly peaked at Io but extend at much lower density levels all about the planet, particularly within Ioʹs orbit where they may play a role in the pitch angle scattering and energy loss of radially inward diffusing energetic electrons for the synchrotron radiation belts of Jupiter, in producing bite-outs in the energy distribution of energetic heavy ions near Ioʹs orbit, and in providing a charge exchange source for energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) detected both near and far from Jupiter. For the iogenic plasma source created by these neutrals, two-dimensional distributions produced by integrating the three-dimensional information along the magnetic field lines are presented for the instantaneous values of the pickup ion rates, the total- and net-mass loading rates, the mass-per-unit-magnetic-flux source rate, the pickup conductivity, the pickup radial current, and the pickup ion power (or energy rate). On the circumplanetary spatial scale, the instantaneous iogenic plasma source is highly peaked about Ioʹs position on its orbit around Jupiter. The degree of orbital asymmetry and its physical origin are discussed, and overall spatially integrated rates are presented. The spatially integrated net-mass loading rate is 154 kg s−1 and the total (electron impact and charge exchange) mass loading rate is 275 kg s−1. Rough minimum estimates are made for the spatially integrated total-mass loading rate created by the “Inner Region” (spatial region below Ioʹs exobase) and are at least ∼1 to 2.5 times larger than that for the Outer Region. Implications of the iogenic plasma source created by the Outer Region and the Inner Region are discussed.