Comparing models of intelligence in Project TALENT: The VPR model fits better than the CHC and extended Gf–Gc models

Three prominent theories of intelligence, the Cattell–Horn–Carroll (CHC), extended fluid–crystallized (Gf–Gc) and verbal–perceptual–image rotation (VPR) theories, provide differing descriptions of the structure of intelligence (McGrew, 2009; Horn & Blankson, 2005; Johnson & Bouchard, 2005b). To compare these theories, models representing them were fit to data from Project TALENT (PT), a nationally-representative study of American high school students in 1960. Models were constructed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses in two selections of the PT aptitude and achievement tests: a 37-test broad selection that included the information tests of specific knowledge, and a 22-test narrow selection that excluded them. Models were fit separately in eight samples divided based on sex and grade level. The VPR model displayed the best fit to both selections of PT data in each sample. We discuss the implications of these results within each of the three theories.