Harmonic and statistical analyses of the gravity and topography of Vesta

We examine the gravity and topography of the asteroid 4 Vesta, as recently revealed by the Dawn mission. The observed gravity is highly correlated with the observed topography, and suggests little lateral variation in density. The variance spectra of both gravity and topography follow power laws which are very similar to those seen for the Moon, Mars, Venus, and Earth. A significant way in which Vesta differs from these larger silicate bodies is that both gravity and topography are significantly anisotropic, with more north–south variation than east–west variation. Rapid rotation plausibly contributes to this anisotropy, but only at harmonic degree two. The remainder of the anisotropy appears related to the large impacts which formed the Rheasilvia and Veneneia basins. We note that, as usual, gravitational inverse problems are non-unique. While the observed gravity and topography of Vesta do not preclude existence of a metallic core, they certainly do not require it.