Outcome-expectancy and self-efficacy: Reasons or results of flood preparedness intention?

This study will examine whether the relationship between flood disaster preparedness intention and outcome-expectancy is mediated by self-efficacy (Casual chain model) or whether outcome-expectancy and self-efficacy of a disaster preparedness measure and/or action are expression of a more general attitude toward disaster preparedness (Associationist view). The nature of relationships between these three variables had been explored by comparing the zero-order relations and the correlations after controlling the third variable. The study primarily was on a survey conducted through face to face structured interviews in three flood prone slum communities in Mumbai. We found that Casual chain method was applicable only for evacuation behavior, otherwise strong support was observed in favor of Associationist view in other flood preparedness measures such as raising plinth level, use durable building materials, store drinking water and food and using sandbags. These findings counter the conventional cognitive approach or casual chain model which advocates the relationship between outcome-expectancy, self-efficacy and preparedness intention; respectively sequential. Instead, this study suggest that disaster preparedness in many cases may depend on individuals “general attitude” which may be governed by their culture and group norms.