Body Image Perception and Self-esteem During Pregnancy

Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine the change in body image perception (BIP) and evaluate self-esteem levels during pregnancy. Material and Methods: This study includes totally 180 females having similar demographic features, i.e. 30 non-pregnant (control group) and 50 pregnant women from each trimester (first, second and third trimester groups) at an Obstetrics Outpatient Department of a university hospital. BIP and self-esteem scores have been compared among the groups. Data relating to all participants have been obtained by using socio-demographic data form, body image scale and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Results: All demographic features have been found to be similar among the groups. The body mass index (BMI) was higher in the third trimester of pregnancy compared to other groups; whereas BIP was significantly worse in the third trimester group compared to the first trimester and control groups (P < .05). There was a negative correlation between trimesters of pregnancy and BIP (Rho = -0.221; P = .003). Self-esteem was detected at a relatively higher level in first trimester group compared to the second and third trimester groups (P < .05). Conclusion: BIP levels have declined during the pregnancy period and self-esteem has been observed at a higher level in the first trimester compared to the advanced trimesters of pregnancy.