Evaluation of clinical, antiinfl ammatory and antiinfective properties of amniotic membrane used for guided tissue regeneration: A randomized controlled trial

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antiinfl ammatory, antiinfective and clinical properties of amniotic membrane (AM) when used for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) in contained interdental defects. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 subjects participated in this study. Two sites in each subject were randomly assigned into each of the following experimental groups; test group: AM with bone graft and control group: Bone graft only. Clinical parameters included recording site-specifi c measures of plaque, gingivitis, probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL). The levels of interleukin-1B (IL-1B) and human beta-defensin-2 (hBD-2) levels in gingival crevicular fl uid (GCF) from the test and control sites were measured by using commercially available enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kits. The evaluation of bone fi ll was performed by using digital subtraction technique and morphometric area analysis. One-way analysis of variance followed by the post-hoc test was used for intragroup and intergroup comparison. A P < 0.05 was considered as statistically signifi cant. Results: Combination therapy using an AM increased bone fi ll and reduced PPD and CAL when compared to controls. AM also resulted in a signifi cant reduction of GCF IL-1B levels and insignifi cant increase in the hBD-2 levels. Conclusion: From this trial conducted over a period of 24 weeks, AM demonstrated a marked antiinfl ammatory effect and its use resulted in an improvement in periodontal parameters. AM has the potential to function as a barrier for GTR and the unique properties associated with this material can augment its potential as a matrix for periodontal regeneration.