Social Capital and Post Disaster Recovery: Evidence from Rural Areas of Iran

Background:  Some  disaster-stricken  people  in  Iran  are  still  experiencing  challenges  of resuming normal life several months after the incident. However, there is not sufficient and in-depth understanding of the factors affecting the complex process of post disaster recovery in Iran and rural areas in particular. This study aimed to explore the status of social capital in the process of returning to normal life after an earthquake. Materials  and  Methods:  This  study  was  conducted  with  the  qualitative  content  analysis method. A total of 20 persons from the earthquake-stricken areas and 7 people with relevant scientific background and expertise were selected via purposeful sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and field notes from August 2013 to January 2014. Data collection continued to achieve data saturation. Data analysis was based on qualitative content analysis. Results: The ignorance of social capital was one of the most significant concepts explored in the process of “back to the normal life” after earthquake. This concept was divided into 4 subcategories of 1) top-down paternalistic approach, 2) undermining of trust, 3) undermining of social networks and self-centering, 4) inefficiency of the social institutions, and 5) social cohesion and social division. Conclusion: This study showed that many reason for ignoring social capital in the process of “back to the normal life” after earthquake should be considered in the recovery management. Policy-makers are suggested to consider a comprehensive plan for using and enhancing the social capital in the process of returning to normal life after earthquakes. This plan can provide an opportunity for rehabilitation after disasters.