Comparison of Characteristics of Methamphetamine Versus Opiate Users in Tehran, Iran

Amphetamine use is a new critical health concern in the Middle East region. However, few studies have focused on methamphetamine use in this region, including Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2010 to determine the prevalence of stimulant use among the general population of Tehran, the capital of Iran. A total of 6027 participants were recruited from 22 areas of Tehran and asked about their use of opioids and amphetamine. Of all participants, 261 (4.3%) had used methamphetamines (alone or with opiates) and 144 (2.4%) had used opiates only. Over 90% of participants were male and there was no difference between the two drug-using groups in terms of sex. The mean age of methamphetamine users (29 ± 9 years) was significantly lower than opioids users (36 ± 11 years, P < 0.001). In addition, the majority of methamphetamine users were single, but the opiate users were not (77% vs. 43%, P < 0.001). More than half of the participants had a high school diploma or less, which did not differ between the two groups. A previous history of treatment was significantly lower among methamphetamine users than opiate users (61% vs. 82%, P < 0.001). The findings of the study showed that, compared with the opiate users, methamphetamine users are younger, more likely to be single, and less likely to have received treatment. We recommend that policymakers should not only design preventive programs for improving the level of knowledge about stimulant use, but also prepare treatment plans and facilities for this newly emerged substance.