Regulation of Serum Lipid Profile, Glucose, Insulin, and Adiponectin in Obese Diabetic Women Under Diet Therapy: A Randomized Clinical Controlled Study

Obesity is the main cause of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diet therapy is the cornerstone in the management of obesity and T2DM. We evaluated the effects of calorie-restricted diet therapy on the circulating level of the serum lipid profile, glucose, insulin, and adiponectin in obese women with T2DM. This randomized clinical controlled trial was performed for 10 weeks on 30 eligible obese T2DM women distributed to control (n = 15) and diet therapy (n = 15) groups. Demographic, nutritional, anthropometric, and laboratory data were obtained before and after the study. Data were analyzed by SPSS vs.15 and Nutritionist IV. In addition to anthropometric measurements, diet therapy independently improved fasting blood sugar (P = 0.024, -69.37 to -5.57 mg/dL), 2-h postprandial blood sugar (P = 0.007, -123.34 to -22.3 mg/dL), serum total cholesterol (P = 0.005, -46.48 to -9.72 mg/dL), serum alanine transaminase (P = 0.001, -8.91 to -3.18 U/L), and increased circulating adiponectin (P = 0.038, 0.01 to 0.47 μg/mL). Improvement of biomarkers of insulin sensitivity, including adiponectin and lipid metabolism, is an important therapeutic effect of medical nutrition therapy in obese patients with T2DM.